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DOSBox is an emulatorprogram which emulates an IBM PC compatible computer running a DOS operating system. Many IBM PC compatible graphics and sound cards are also emulated. This means that original DOS programs (including PC games) are provided with an environment in which they can run correctly, even though the modern computers have dropped support for that old environment.

• 2Features
• 3Ports
• 4Usage

History[edit]

DOSBox is free software written primarily in C++ and distributed under the GNU General Public License. DOSBox has been downloaded over 34 million times since its release on SourceForge in 2002.^[8]

A number of usability enhancements have been added to DOSBox beyond emulating DOS. The added features include virtual hard drives, peer-to-peer networking, screen capture and screencasting from the emulated screen.

More than 8 years have passed between 2010's 0.74 and the 2018's latest version 0.74-2, 'a maintenance release' made in preparation 'for the upcoming 0.75 release, which will enter regression testing soon' ^[9]. But throughout these years development has been ongoing in the SVN version.^[vague] Forks such as DOSBox SVN Daum and DOSBox SVN-lfn provide additional features, which include support for save states and long filenames (LFN), while others such as DosBox-X add emulation for Japanese systems like the NEC PC-98 and increase compatibility with various Demoscene productions.^[10]

A number of vintage DOS games have been commercially re-released to run on modern operating systems by encapsulating them inside DOSBox.^{[citation needed]}

Features[edit]

DOSBox is a command-line program, configured either by a set of command-line arguments or by editing a plain text configuration file. For ease of use, several graphical front-ends have been developed by the user community.^[11]

A popular feature of DOSBox is its ability to capture screenshots and record gameplay footage. The video is compressed using the losslessZip Motion Block Video codec.^[12] In its uncompressed state the footage is almost an exact replica of the actual program. The video recording feature was added in version 0.65. In earlier versions, one had to rely on custom modifications and a third-party screen recorder to record video, but the quality and emulator performance was generally very poor.^[13]

The DOSBox project has a policy of not adding features that aren't used by DOS games if they take significant effort to implement, are likely to be a source of bugs or portability problems, and/or impact performance. Perhaps the most common hardware feature of DOS-era PCs that the official version of DOSBox doesn't emulate is the parallel port that was used to connect printers. As an alternative, the PrintScreen function of modern OSs can be used to capture the output of DOSBox. For similar reasons, no support for long filenames and Ctrl-Break is added into official versions, though support for them is available in some unofficial enhanced SVN builds.

Hardware emulation[edit]

DOSBox is a full CPU emulator, capable of running DOS programs that require the CPU to be in real mode or protected mode.^[14] Other similar programs, such as DOSEMU or VDMs for Windows and OS/2, provide compatibility layers and rely on virtualization capabilities of the 386 family processors. Since DOSBox can emulate its CPU by interpretation, the environment it emulates is completely independent of the host CPU.^[14] On systems which provide the i386instruction set, however, DOSBox can use dynamic instruction translation to accelerate execution several times faster than interpretive CPU emulation.^{[citation needed]} The emulated CPU speed of DOSBox is also manually adjustable by the user to accommodate the speed of the systems for which DOS programs were originally written.^[15]

DOSBox can emulate a wide range of graphics and sound hardware. Graphics emulation includes text mode, Hercules, CGA (including some composite modes and the 160x100x16 tweaked modes), Tandy, EGA, VGA (including Mode X and other tweaks), VESA, and full S3 Trio 64 emulation.^[14] Sound hardware that can be emulated includes the PC speaker (played back through the host's standard sound output, not its physical internal PC speaker), AdLib, Gravis Ultrasound, Tandy, Creative Music System/GameBlaster, Sound Blaster 1.x/2.0/Pro/16, and Disney Sound Source. MIDI output through an emulated MPU-401 interface is available if the host is equipped with a physical MIDI-Out connector or a suitable software MIDI synthesizer. (MT-32/CM-32L emulation is included in unofficial enhanced builds,^[10] but not in the official source code repository due to need for copyrighted ROM images.) Storage is handled by mapping (either through the configuration file or through a command within the emulator) a drive letter in the emulator to a directory, image file, floppy disk drive, or CDROM drive on the host. A permanently mapped Z: drive stores DOSBox commands and startup scripts.

Emulation of Voodoo cards is in development as of October 2010.^{[16][needs update]} This should give not only support for games that use the Glide API, but also provide Direct3D support to Win9x guests.

DOSBox, unlike many other emulators, can simulate peer-to-peer or Internet/Intranet networking. This includes modem simulation over TCP/IP, allowing for DOS modem games to be played over modern LANs or the Internet, and IPX network tunneling, which allows for old IPX DOS multiplayer games to be played as UDP/IP over modern LANs or the Internet. Win32 and Linux specific builds support direct serial port access. Some third-party patches also allow DOSBox to emulate an NE2000-class network interface card as a passthrough to the host computer's own network card, essentially allowing full internet connectivity (for example, using Windows 3.1 and Trumpet Winsock) and web browsing using programs such as Netscape Navigator, although this is more of a curiosity than a useful feature.

DOSBox is capable of timing-compatible implementation of the serial ports, which can enable older hardware and software dependent on serial port timing to work; however, some USB devices that are supported by the host OS can act as a replacement for older serial port devices when using the emulator.

OS emulation[edit]

DOSBox provides a high level emulation of the DOS and BIOS interrupts, and contains its own internal DOS-like shell. This means that it can be used without owning a license to any real DOS operating system. Most commands that are typically used in installer batch files are supported, but many of the more advanced commands of later DOS versions (e.g. post-Windows 98 DOS shells) are not. In addition to its internal shell, it also supports running image files of games and software originally intended to start without any operating system. The DOS emulation enables DOSBox to mount folders of the host OS as virtual drives.

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It can also boot disk images with real DOS environments (e.g. MS-DOS, PC DOS, DR-DOS or FreeDOS) as well as other operating systems. Since DOSBox is not optimized for this mode of operation, booting any real OS inside DOSBox entails the loss of the use of directory-based virtual hard drives and some other enhancements that aren't directly compatible with the way real operating systems access hardware. For the kinds of hardware (such as disk drive controllers and computer mice) that are almost always accessed by DOS-based games through DOS and/or through the BIOS and/or through a software driver, rather than through direct access to hardware registers, DOSBox generally provides no hardware-level emulation. This means that the direct use of copy-protected physical media or of floppy disks in non-standard formats is generally not possible from DOSBox.

Commands[edit]

The following list of commands is supported by DOSBox.^[17]

• BOOT
• CALL
• CONFIG
• IF
• IMGMOUNT
• KEYB
• MEM
• MIXER
• RESCAN
• SHIFT

Ports[edit]

DOSBox uses the SDL library and has been ported to many operating systems. A port for Microsoft Xbox (called DosXbox) was released in 2004. Using the HX DOS Extender, it can even run in DOS.^[18] The source code has also been forked to provide compatibility on a number of non-x86 PC computer platforms, including the Palm OS, PlayStation Portable, Android, iOS,^[19]Symbian, Maemo, BlackBerry PlayBook, Wii(Require Homebrew Channel with Homebrew Brower installed), and the GP2X, on various computing architectures including PowerPC, SPARC, MIPS and ARM. DOSBox is included in the software repositories of many Linux distributions such as Fedora, Debian, and Ubuntu. There is also a port to Google Native Client called NaClBox,^[20][21] a port to Java applets called jDosbox,^[22] and a port of jDosBox to GWT (using the Canvas element) called jsDOSBox.^[23]

DOSBox and the Wine compatibility layer[edit]

Starting with version 1.3.12, the developers of the Winecompatibility layer have begun the process of integrating DOSBox into Wine to facilitate running DOS programs that are not supported natively by the Wine Virtual DOS machine (winevdm).^[24]

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Usage[edit]

Commercial deployment[edit]

id Software has used DOSBox to re-release vintage games such as Wolfenstein 3D and Commander Keen on Valve's Steam. In the process, it was reported they violated the program's license, the GNU GPL; the breach, which was reported as an oversight, was promptly resolved.^[25][26]Activision Blizzard has also used it to re-release Sierra Entertainment's DOS games. LucasArts used it to re-release Star Wars: Dark Forces for modern machines on Steam. 2K Games producer Jason Bergman stated the company used DOSBox for Steam re-releases of certain parts of the X-Com series.^[27]GOG.com uses DOSBox for some of their DOS releases.^[28]Bethesda Softworks recommends DOSBox and provides a link to the DOSBox website on the downloads page for The Elder Scrolls: Arena and The Elder Scrolls II: Daggerfall.^[29][30] Bethesda also included DOSBox with both games in The Elder Scrolls Anthology release. 3D Realms also recommends DOSBox and, like Bethesda Softworks, provides a link to the DOSBox website on their downloads page.^[31]

Electronic Arts uses DOSBox for some of their classic games on their Origin client like Wing Commander III, Crusader: No Remorse, and SimCity 2000.

dBase LLC utilizes DOSBox in their dbDOS product since 2012.

Non-commercial notable uses[edit]

Since 23 December 2014, the Internet Archive hosts a browser-based version of DOSBox (converted to JavaScript using Emscripten) with thousands of playable PC games.^[32][33][34] The collection is provided for 'scholarship and research purposes only'.^[35]

See also[edit]

Similar software

• Rpix86 - A DOS emulator for the Raspberry Pi.
• ScummVM, a portable interpreter for classical adventure game scripting languages
• vDOS ^[36] - A DOS emulator designed for the running the more 'serious' DOS apps (not games) on 64-bit NT systems (effectively a replacement for NTVDM on modern systems).

Misc.

References[edit]

1. ^'Project of the Month, May 2009'. SourceForge. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
2. ^'Project of the Month, January 2013'. SourceForge. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
3. ^https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosbox/files/dosbox/0.74-2/ SourceForge Binaries Available (Release Version)
4. ^'SVN changelog (DOSBox Home web)'.
5. ^'DOSBox Wiki - SVN Builds Info'. Dosbox.com.
6. ^'EmuCR Compiled Binaries - DOSBox official & unofficial builds'.
7. ^'p/dosbox/code-0 - Revision 4006: /dosbox/trunk'. Sourceforge. Retrieved 2017-02-09.
8. ^'Download Statistics'. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
9. ^'DOSBox 0.74-2 has been released!'. 'DOSBox'. 2018-08-30. Retrieved 2018-09-02.
10. ^ ^ab'SVN Builds'. DOSBox. 2012-12-01. Retrieved 2012-01-08.
11. ^'DOSBox Frontends'. DOSBox. 2008-12-15. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
12. ^'DosBox Capture Codec'. 2008-03-09. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
13. ^bakkelun (2008-03-07). 'Recording video from DosBox'. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
14. ^ ^abcQbix (2008-04-30). 'Interview with Qbix' (Interview). Interviewed by Classic Dos Games. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
15. ^Hoffman, Chris (2015-10-05). 'How To Use DOSBox To Run DOS Games and Old Apps'. How-To Geek. Retrieved 2017-02-09.
16. ^http://kingofgng.com/eng/2010/10/20/3dfx-voodoo-graphic-cards-emulation-coming-to-dosbox/
17. ^https://www.dosbox.com/DOSBoxManual.html
18. ^japheth (2013-07-25). 'HX DOS Extender'. Archived from the original on October 13, 2014. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
19. ^FAST Intelligence. 'DOSpad, DOSBox for iOS'. Retrieved 2013-02-05.
20. ^NaClBox. 'NaClBox homepage'. Retrieved 2013-02-05.
21. ^Endagdet (2011-05-12). 'NaClBox brings DOS-based gaming to Chrome along with sweet, sweet nostalgia'. Retrieved 2013-02-05.
22. ^danoon2 and co. 'jDosBox homepage'.
23. ^Kevin O'Dwyer. 'jsDOSBox homepage'.
24. ^'Wine 1.3.12 Brings Initial DOSBox Integration'. 2011-01-21. Retrieved 2011-08-26.
25. ^'Are id Software and Valve Thieves?'. Softpedia. 2007-08-06. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
26. ^Purchese, Rob (2007-08-07). 'id sorts GPL Steam issue'. Eurogamer. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
27. ^Bergman, Jason (2008-09-04). 'Comments-morning discussion'. Shacknews. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
28. ^'Our Thanks'. GOG.com. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
29. ^'The Elder Scrolls Official Site - The Elder Scrolls: Arena'. Bethesda Softworks. Retrieved 2011-03-03.
30. ^'The Elder Scrolls Official Site - The Elder Scrolls: Daggerfall'. Bethesda Softworks. Retrieved 2011-03-03.
31. ^'3D Realms Site: Master Download Page'. 3D Realms. Retrieved 2009-11-05.
32. ^Ohlheiser, Abby (2015-01-05). 'You can now play nearly 2,400 MS-DOS video games in your browser'. Washington Post. Retrieved 2015-01-08.
33. ^Each New Boot a Miracle by Jason Scott (December 23, 2014)
34. ^collection:softwarelibrary_msdos in the Internet Archive (2014-12-29)
35. ^'Internet Archive's Terms of Use, Privacy Policy, and Copyright Policy'. archive.org. 2014-12-31. Retrieved 2015-01-08. Access to the Archive’s Collections is provided at no cost to you and is granted for scholarship and research purposes only.
36. ^'vDos'.

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External links[edit]

• 'Official DOSBox forum'. Very Old Games On New Systems (VOGONS).
• 'Interview with Qbix (a developer of DOSBox)'. Classic DOS Games. April 30, 2008.
• 'DOSBox 0.73, interview with the developers'. King of Ghouls and Ghosts (GNG). June 10, 2009.
• 'DOSBox SVN variants that do support printing'. Unofficial variants downloader.

reader comments

Being a Mac gamer often means being disappointed. Triple-A titles don't usually come to OS X at the same time that they come to Windows (if they come at all), mainly because the OS X market is so much smaller. And while Valve's push to have all of its Source titles available via Steam for Mac is much appreciated, we're still a long way away from parity with the PC side of the house. Fortunately, when it comes to retro gaming, OS X is shoulder to shoulder with Windows: there are console emulators of every flavor if you want to get your Mario on, and the two best DOS emulators, DOSBox and ScummVM, have long been available on OS X (and Linux, too, for that matter).

Both are fine applications if you want to fire up your favorite DOS-era games, though of the two, DOSBox has long been the more feature-complete and had the widest game support. However, unlocking DOSBox's full potential can require no small amount of configuration file tweaking—the default options generally work just fine, but sometimes you need to tune games to run faster or slower, or change rendering modes because of an incompatibility, or fiddle with some of the more advanced sound options. Some things in DOSBox, like full working Roland MT-32 or Gravis Ultrasound support, are broken or require you to scour the Internet for additional files to get them fully operational.

DOSBox's more esoteric options can be wrangled with one of many graphical front-ends on the PC, but for OS X, there is only one thing you need: Boxer.

Boxer is based on DOSBox's DOS emulation code, but has evolved past the point of being merely a front-end and into a wholly standalone application. Its functionality is slick and seamless, and it defines everything that is good about well-made OS X applications: the UI is beautiful and functional while staying completely out of your way, enabling you instead of confusing you. It handles old fiddly DOS games with shocking ease, hiding the sharp pointy bits of configuring old games beneath a soft cloak of 'it just works.' Finally, it's beautiful and functional even when it's not running, because of the way it lets you show off your retro gaming collection.

The library

Boxer's welcome screen is simple: you can browse through your games, import a new game into Boxer's library, or browse at a DOS prompt.

If you don't have any DOS games sitting around, fear not, as Boxer comes preloaded with four classic DOS titles to get you started—a full version of Commander Keen 4, and demo versions of Epic Pinball, Ultima Underworld, and X-COM: UFO Defense. Additionally, the Boxer site has a page where you can download four more demo titles: the original Star Wars: Dark Forces, System Shock, Tyrian 2000, and Ultima IV.

The first four titles should be immediately visible in your game library, which you can view right from the launch screen. Game management is one of the areas where Boxer shines, using a custom folder background to present an organized shelf-style view of your retro gaming library.

Adding a game

Getting a title into that library is ridiculously easy. Say, for example, that you have a burning desire to relive the glory days of beating the ever-loving crap out of your younger brother with your amazing skills in Electronic Arts's 1989 title Caveman Ugh-Lympics, a Flintstones-flavored take on Activision's Decathlon and other similar games. Assuming you have the original game still lying around (which, shockingly, I actually do!), you can copy the files from the floppies to a single directory, and then drag that directory into Boxer. Boxer will poke through the folder and determine if there's anything resembling an installer, and if it sees one, you'll be asked whether you want to launch it or skip it:

Since a lot of DOS games come with installers and setup programs, this is generally a good idea. Boxer will fire off the installer and you can step though the game's setup. At this point, the setup utility is running in an encapsulated DOS virtual machine, with Boxer providing the disk, sound, and CPU resources. Helpfully, the bottom of the installer window provides a few helpful hints on what to pick if the game's installer asks about a destination directory or sound card settings.

After the installer is done, Boxer will display the installer's results in a DOS window, and will ask if there are other setup tasks to be done or if the import process can be completed. Clicking 'Finish importing' takes you to a window where you can personalize the game's appearance and title. For finding box art, I recommend a Google image search for the name of your game and 'box,' which has gotten me correct box art for every title I've tried.

Once you've set the box art and named the game, you can click 'Launch game' to start it up. Some games, like this one, have multiple executable files in the game directory; if Boxer can't automatically figure out which one starts the game, it will ask you to pick one.

When you've picked something, you'll be asked whether or not you want the app to remember that choice, and from then on, simply double-clicking the game's icon in the Boxer library will launch it directly.

Tuning and tweaks

Boxer will make several guesses about how fast or slow the game should run and what video hardware it should emulate in order to provide the optimal gaming experience. However, personal preferences, coupled with the sheer amount of DOS games, means that you'll likely want to change some of its settings.

Speed and frame rate are the most obvious. Boxer's DOSBox underpinnings let you play everything from ancient early-'80s DOS arcade titles like Flightmare and Sopwith all the way up to flagship titles from the twilight-era of DOS gaming like Privateer 2, but ensuring that the games play at the optimal frame rate is tricky. Boxer includes a slider which you can use to adjust the effective power of the emulated CPU running the game, equivalent to DOSBox's CPU cycle adjustment hotkeys.

For video, Boxer will attempt to emulate whatever the current game tells it to emulate. Basic CGA, EGA, and VGA modes are supported, along with some VESA extended modes for super-VGA games. Boxer also supports several of the more popular graphical smoothing algorithms, to make your gaming a bit less pixelated. Games that were originally designed to be played at 320×200 on a 13' or 14' CRT do tend to look a bit blocky when run fullscreen on a modern 24' or 30' monitor, and so the option to smooth out the corners a bit is much appreciated. Purists can elect to disable smoothing entirely.